At the time when the first government franchise monopolies were being granted, the large majority of economists understood that large-scale, capital-intensive production did not lead to monopoly, but was an absolutely desirable aspect of the competitive process. The truth is that the monopolies were created decades before the theory was formalized by intervention-minded economists, who then used the theory as an ex post rationale for government intervention. It is a myth that natural-monopoly theory was developed first by economists, and then used by legislators to "justify" franchise monopolies. Avoiding such inconveniences is another reason offered for government franchise monopolies for industries with declining long-run average total costs. Higher prices will result if more than one producer supplies the market.įurthermore, competition is said to cause consumer inconvenience because of the construction of duplicative facilities, e.g., digging up the streets to put in dual gas or water lines. In such industries, the theory goes, a single producer will eventually be able to produce at a lower cost than any two other producers, thereby creating a "natural" monopoly. Most so-called public utilities have been granted governmental franchise monopolies because they are thought to be "natural monopolies." Put simply, a natural monopoly is said to occur when production technology, such as relatively high fixed costs, causes long-run average total costs to decline as output expands. ![]() Every good is useful "to the public," and almost every good … may be considered "necessary." Any designation of a few industries as "public utilities" is completely arbitrary and unjustified. The very term "public utility" … is an absurd one.
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![]() “At the hospital meeting with victims of a mass shooting when I get pulled away to be briefed about another shooting. The motive for the attack remains unclear but Mr Zhao and the victims all worked at the businesses.Ĭalifornia Governor Gavin Newsom was in Monterey Park meeting with victims of Saturday’s mass shooting when he learned about the shooting at Half Moon Bay. It is not clear which shooting took place first.Ĭhunli Zhao, a 67-year-old worker at one of the farms, was found sitting in his car in the parking lot of a sheriff’s substation and was taken into custody, San Mateo County Sheriff Christina Corpus said. The gunman shot dead four victims and wounded a fifth at one farm and shot another three victims dead at the second farm located a few miles away, according to authorities. Seven people were killed across two different agricultural businesses –Mountain Mushroom Farm and Concord Farm – before a suspect was taken into custody. Less than 48 hours on from the massacre, another mass shooting unfolded on the outskirts of Half Moon Bay in San Francisco on Monday. Tran met his former wife at the Star Ballroom Dance Studio. The gunman told police he would return with documentation to prove his allegations but he never returned. Hemet Police revealed on Monday that Tran had visited the police department twice in early January – once on 7 January and then again on 9 January – “alleging past fraud, theft, and poisoning allegations involving his family in the Los Angeles area 10 to 20 years ago”. ![]() The motive for that attack remains unclear but it has emerged that Tran was paranoid that his family had tried to poison him decades ago and that had gone to police with the allegations just weeks before he going on the shooting rampage. Tran died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in his white van. ![]() The gunman then fled the scene and no one was injured in the second incident.Ī huge manhunt was launched to track down the gunman, culminating around 12 hours later with a police standoff in Torrance, about 30 miles from Monterey Park. Tran then drove to a second dance studio – Lai Lai Ballroom in nearby Alhambra – where a hero worker managed to wrestle a gun away from him. Hours later, 72-year-old gunman Huu Can Tran entered the Star Ballroom Dance Studio in Monterey Park and opened fire.Įleven people were killed in the attack, with the death toll rising from 10 on Monday when another victim died from their injuries. On Saturday night, thousands in the Asian-American community had gathered in Monterey Park to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year. The shooting in Oakland marks the third mass shooting in California in just three days after a gunman shot dead 11 victims at a ballroom dance studio in Monterey Park and a farm worker allegedly killed seven coworkers in Half Moon Bay near San Francisco. Investigators were spotted gathering evidence from two cars thought to have driven victims to hospital, KTVU reported. Oakland Police have not said if any arrests have been made or who they may be seeking as a suspect. "It’s really disheartening and difficult, you know, to deal with, but, you know, again, we’re relying on community support to help solve this incident,” she said. He was good,” said Navarro’s cousin Olga Navarro.Īnother woman said that her sister was among the shooting victims and called on the community to help solve the crime. ![]() “He was really sweet, he was a really, like, he kinda liked music, but he was not like a really bad person. Witnesses told local outlet KTVU that the shooting broke out during the filming of a music video.ĭevastated family members of the teenage victim were seen breaking down outside Highland Hospital after learning that Navarro – who graduated from high school this year – had died from his injuries. Police have not confirmed what may have led up to the shooting but said that the investigation so far shows that several people may have exchanged gunfire. The seven others were in stable condition and are expected to survive. “Shortly thereafter, our communications division received notification of multiple gunshot wound victims, who self transported to local hospitals.”Īt least eight people were shot in the incident, with one victim – identified by his family as 18-year-old Mario Navarro – killed. “Upon arrival, located shooting scene, they located casings, but no victims,” said OPD’s Kim Armstead in a press conference on Monday night. Two students dead and teacher injured in Des Moines shooting with ‘multiple suspects’ in custody.Monterey Park killer told police this month he thought his family tried to poison him decades ago.Monterey Park – live: Gunman’s ‘poison’ paranoia revealed as 7 killed in latest mass shooting at Half Moon Bay. ![]() Is Rico Dowdle in line for more work against Carolina?įor years, fans and fantasy managers alike prayed the Cowboys would give Tony Pollard more touches over Ezekiel Elliott, as Pollard had been the more efficient running back. If they were playing like they did last season, we'd be looking at Allen and Payne as potential game-wreckers for Tommy DeVito and the Giants. The Giants don't have a great interior offensive line, so this week is an opportunity for the pair. Last season, the duo ranked ninth and 12th in pass rush win rate, respectively. But the more concerning aspect going forward is that Jonathan Allen and Daron Payne have not produced. Yes, part of that is Montez Sweat and Chase Young getting dealt at the trade deadline. The Commanders' pass rush is a shell of what we thought it would be heading into the season. Philadelphia's best move might be to go run-heavy on Monday night with Jalen Hurts and D'Andre Swift.Ĭan the Commanders' defensive tackles step up against the Giants? That looks like a matchup problem to me! The Eagles rank seventh in EPA per designed carry and first in run block win rate. The Chiefs rank 30th in opponent expected points added (EPA) per designed carry and 31st in run stop win rate. Against the run, the numbers are actually pretty rough. The Chiefs have received plenty of deserving praise for their defense this season, but it's important to note that it has really been the pass defense that has excelled. Walder: Five key stat trends that could determine the winnersĬan the Chiefs stop the Eagles' ground attack? That's followed by NFL analyst Matt Bowen making five predictions about how things could play out, including some player props. Finally, insider Jeremy Fowler gives the latest buzz, rumors and news you might have missed. Fantasy football writer Eric Moody runs through five players who are rostered in under 50% of ESPN fantasy football leagues who could be picked up and started in a jam this weekend. But just in case you need last-minute intel, our NFL analysts have you covered at the eleventh hour.įirst, analytics writer Seth Walder breaks down five stat trends that could be pivotal this weekend. We're heading toward the stretch run of the 2023 NFL season, and we're sure you are fully prepared for the loaded Week 11 slate. NFL, Fantasy NFL, Betting, Philadelphia Eagles, Kansas City Chiefs, Washington Commanders, Dallas Cowboys, Seattle Seahawks, Los Angeles Rams, Green Bay Packers, Arizona Cardinals, New York Jets, Miami Dolphins, Chicago Bears, San Francisco 49ers, Cincinnati Bengals NFL Week 11 predictions, fantasy sleepers, key stats, buzz Matt BowenJeremy FowlerEric MoodySeth Walder You have reached a degraded version of because you're using an unsupported version of Internet Explorer.įor a complete experience, please upgrade or use a supported browser ![]() ![]() Otherwise, a long press of the button turns the light on or off, and a tap switches it between solid and flashing. In fact, there’s a clever feature that essentially disables the “on” button when that knob is in its brightest setting. It might be too easy to accidentally turn the light on while being stored or transported if all it’d take is the flip of a switch. The knob serves only as a mode adjust, which is probably a good call. The charging port lined up, the light turned on, and the button worked. But their prices are a lot closer to Bookman’s, and their lights don’t have near the refined design sensibilities. Fenix comes to mind, and they have a few good replaceable-battery lights that seem much more legit. What could go wrong? Well, turns out, the button could not function, the charging port could not line up, and the whole thing could just not turn on. I should have known by the $20 price tag that this 800-lumen TOWILD was a little suspect. It was a no-name light from Amazon … and it didn’t go well, despite its “versatile illuminations” and being “designed for professional night riding.” ![]() When I set out to try something different, it wasn’t the Bookman Volume. I just use it because bigger lights tend to get longer-lasting batteries. My long-distance / multi-day light is way bulkier and brighter than I need. Sure, that battery will be bigger, more expensive and harder to find than the AA you’ve got in your old VCR remote, but carrying a spare sure beats what I’ve been doing. Seemed to me like a swappable rechargeable battery would be an easy way to soothe the range anxiety of long-distance cyclists or last-minute night riders. Pry your way inside most rechargeable lights, and there’ll be a relatively familiar-looking cylindrical battery cell. I never understood why this wasn’t more common. The knob may be what gives the Volume light its name and grabs all its headlines, but what actually caught my attention first was the fact that it runs on a replaceable battery. Remember those days? When everyone had colorful silicone Frog lights between their colorful silicone Oury grips? Bookman’s minimalist “Block” and “Curve” lights harmonize with your bike in a similar way, but the new Volume lights are shaped much more like a traditional, techy bike light, with one clicky round exception. It reminds me of the mid-2000’s when Knog Lights reigned supreme. Like pedestrian lights that dangle from zippers or reflectors that work like slap bracelets. Bookman’s products seem to be designed primarily around ease of use. Bookman is based in Stockholm, which totally tracks given that Stockholm is one of the most livable cities on the planet. I bet their company Zoom meetings are awash with phrases like “hyperlocal” and “livable cities,” or at least their Swedish equivalents. ![]() Still, they’re not quite perfect.īookman has a real modern-young-urbanite vibe. They’re loaded with gimmicks, some of which should probably be standard on every light. Travis Engel had a similar experience testing the Bookman Volume 800 and Volume 1500 bike lights. They seemed like a novelty at first, but use one for long enough and you might wonder why they’re not on-or in-every new bike. How functional does a gimmick have to be for it to stop being called a gimmick? Consider down-tube storage compartments for example. When performing chemical reactions by combining separate chemicals to produce a new chemical, one must know the exact amount of each chemical to add in order to maximize the yield of the reaction. When a scale is not available, a calculator like the one above is a good way to estimate the weight to volume conversion.Īnother useful application of weight and volume conversions is chemistry. The best way to ensure an accurate conversion is to use a scale. The density of dry ingredients can vary for a variety of reasons, such as compaction and clumping. Kilograms and cups are both commonly used to measure cooking ingredients.įor cooking applications, most chefs suggest measuring dry ingredients by weight rather than volume to improve accuracy in the measurements. Thus, the volume in cups is equal to the weight in kilograms times 4.2268 divided by the density of the ingredient, substance, or material.Ĭups = 5 kg × 4.2268 / 0.7 g/mL = 30.1911 c When to Convert Kilograms to Cups If the density is given in grams per milliliter (g/mL), then first divide 4.2268 by the density to convert to kg/c.įor a density given in g/mL, you can use this simple formula to convert: Note that in order for this to work, the density must be in kilograms per cup (kg/c). ![]() To convert a measurement in kilograms to cups, divide the weight by the density of the ingredient or material. Therefore, to convert between kilograms and cups of an ingredient or substance, we must either multiply or divide by its density, depending on which direction we are performing the conversion. In this case, we need to account for the density of the substance whenever we do a conversion. Since kilograms are a unit of mass and cups are a unit of volume, which are different physical quantities, we need to know one more physical quantity of the ingredient or substance to convert between them. He specializes in math, science, and astrophysics. ![]() Ethan has a PhD in astrophysics and is currently a satellite imaging scientist. Of course, why, after all these years you have not yet bothered to implement such a feature is beyond me, since you attempt to be friendly and ask us to tell you what features you would like added to your products’ capabilities. This admission of truth invalidates the Google ad for the product, in which you claim that Switch can perform such a conversion on a Mac, whille, in fact, it cannot. The amazing thing is that, on the website page ( )where you conveniently provide a list of formats which are suppored by Switch, you admit that Switch will NOT convert DSS files. Whenever I have tried to perform such a conversion of DSS files to mp3 on a Mac, I get an error message telling me that the files are empty, blank, devoid of data, despite the fact that the Finder tells me that there may be MB of data in the DSS file, just waiting to be heard and/or converted. ![]() Of course, the problem is that, after one tries out either the free version or the paid version of Switch, this assertion turns out to a lie. Now, I don’t know how Australian English interprets those words, but in America, this reader interprets it as saying that, if I use you Switch audio converter program on a Mac, I will be able to directly convert the Olympus proprietary format called “dss” to a much more universally recognized format caled “mp3.” Am I missing something here? I think not. I refer to a Google search for “audio converter dss to mp3.” You Google Adword ad puts you at the top of the list, and you declare: “Easily convert dss audio dictations to wav or mp3 or a PC or a Mac. No other software development in the world uses such a complcated, paranoid, greedy softwar-upgrading system as you, and I have exposed your practice on for other potential customers to take into consideration before getting involved with you.īut to catch you lying on the Internet during a Google search! That’s a new low! I have stopped upgrading because too many problems ensue when your “updated” version breaks the serialization scheme. I already detest your upgrade policy, in which you expect customers to pay again for very minor changes (if any at all) in your applications after only a few months of use. I guess that the English language must get subverted when it travels south of the equator! Either that, or your company has a policy of blatantingly lying about the capabiliies of your software. My email contained screen captures to prove my assertions, but NCH Software makes it extremely difficult to contact them in any normal fashion: no email address is listed anywhere on their website, which supports BigJohnson's assertion that tech support is "appalling." So is sales and marketing for that matter. Here is an open letter I just wrote to NCH Software. ![]() ![]() Explore our collection today and let your imagination take flight. Whether you're an experienced flyer seeking a new challenge or a newcomer to the world of kites, these giant kites will inspire and elevate your skyward adventures. Each one is a testament to the fusion of artistry and flight, offering an unforgettable experience for kite enthusiasts of all levels. These accessories not only enhance your kite-flying adventures but also open up new realms of creativity and performance in the sky.Įmbark on a journey of wonder and imagination as you explore our collection of giant kites. To fully embrace the magic of giant kites like the Giant Dragon, consider adding kite line laundry accessories to your collection. Whether you're a seasoned kite enthusiast seeking a new challenge or a novice eager to experience the wonder of giant kites, this majestic creation promises to captivate with its grace and power in the sky. ![]() Its attention to detail is nothing short of astounding – from its menacing open jaw, tongue, teeth, and numerous body scales to the dramatic swinging black beard, it commands attention at any flying field.Īfter over two years of rigorous testing and prototyping, the Giant Dragon kite delivers a dreamlike performance across a wide wind range of 6 to 17 mph. The main chassis framing is constructed with Sky Shark wrapped carbon tubes, ensuring both strength and durability. This awe-inspiring kite features robust 10mm diameter Excel carbon rods that support its immense 14.5-foot wingspan. Unlike traditional inflatable dragon kites, the Giant Dragon boasts a framed construction that grants it an unparalleled flight profile. Crafted by the acclaimed German kite designer Carsten Domann, this 3-D representation of the mythical dragon is a sight to behold. APZ Sky Visitor 3D 26ft Ultra Large & Fun Octopus Foil Kite with Handle & Line, Giant Kite Gifts Toys for Adults Kids Boys Girls, Beach Trip Family Games and Activities, Park Outdoor Fun (Blue) 52.99 52. Since it’s 15m long from head to tentacle tip, it looks as awesome as a kaiju monster when viewed in action, making it the perfect kite to fly for impressing friends and scaring the local kids. These remarkable creations combine intricate design with meticulous engineering, resulting in kites that are as breathtaking as they are impressive.Īmong our collection, you'll encounter the legendary Giant Dragon kite, a true masterpiece in the world of kite design. As the video shot by Erich Chew shows, this foldable nylon kite flies as graceful as a real octopus swimming on water. Giant kites are not merely flying objects they are masterpieces that come alive against the backdrop of the open sky. As you delve into this extraordinary realm, you'll discover an array of big kites, large kites, and professional-grade wonders that redefine the very essence of kite flying. Our collection of giant kites is a celebration of creativity, craftsmanship, and the sheer joy of flight. Welcome to a captivating world where the sky becomes a canvas for colossal works of art. ![]() Single/EP The Man (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP Daylight (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP Death By A Thousand Cuts (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP Lover (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP The Archer (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP You Need To Calm Down (Live From Paris) 2020.Single/EP Cornelia Street (Live From Paris) 2020.Álbum cardigan (cabin in candlelight version) 2020. ![]() Coletânea folklore (deluxe version) 2020.Coletânea folklore: the escapism chapter 2020.Single/EP folklore: the sleepless nights chapter 2020.Single/EP folklore: the saltbox house chapter 2020.Single/EP betty (Live from the 2020 Academy of Country Music Awards) 2020.Álbum folklore: the yeah I showed up at your party chapter 2020.Álbum folklore: the long pond studio sessions (From Disney+ Special) 2020.Single/EP willow (lonely witch version) 2020.Single/EP willow (the witch collection) 2020.Single/EP willow (moonlit witch version) 2020.Álbum Christmas Tree Farm (Records Live at the 2019 iHeartRadio Jingle Ball) 2020.Álbum Fearless (Taylor's Version): The From The Vault Chapter 2021.Coletânea evermore (deluxe version) 2021.Coletânea the "dropped your hand while dancing" chapter 2021.Single/EP the "forever is the sweetest con" chapter 2021.Single/EP the "ladies lunching" chapter 2021.Single/EP Love Story (Taylor's Version) 2021.Single/EP Love Story (Taylor's Version) (Elvira Remix) 2021.Maren Morris) (Taylor's Version) (From The Vault) 2021 Perfectly Fine (Taylor's Version) (From The Vault) 2021 Single/EP Fearless (Taylor's Version) 2021.Single/EP If This Was A Movie (Taylor's Version) 2021.Coletânea The More Fearless (Taylor's Version) Chapter 2021.Coletânea Fearless (Taylor's Version): The Halfway Out The Door Chapter 2021.Single/EP Fearless (Taylor's Version): The Kissing In The Rain Chapter 2021.Single/EP Fearless (Taylor’s Version): The I Remember What You Said Last Night Chapter 2021.Single/EP willow (90's trend remix) 2021.Single/EP the lakes (original version) 2021.Álbum Wildest Dreams (Taylor's Version) 2021.Single/EP All Too Well (10 Minute Version) (Taylor's Version) (From The Vault) 2021.Single/EP Eyes Open (Taylor's Version) 2021.Single/EP The More Red (Taylor's Version) Chapter 2021.Single/EP Safe & Sound (Taylor's Version) 2021.Single/EP All Too Well (Sad Girl Autumn Version) 2021.Coletânea Christmas Tree Farm (Old Timey Version) 2021.Coletânea Red (Taylor’s Version): Could You Be The One Chapter 2022.Coletânea Red (Taylor’s Version): She Wrote A Song About Me Chapter 2022.Coletânea Red (Taylor’s Version): The Slow Motion Chapter 2022.Single/EP Red (Taylor’s Version): From The Vault Chapter 2022.Single/EP Message In A Bottle (Fat Max G Remix) (Taylor's Version) 2022.Single/EP Lavender Haze (Felix Jaehn Remix) 2022.Single/EP The Joker And The Queen (feat.Single/EP This Love (Taylor's Version) 2022.Álbum Carolina (From The Motion Picture "Where The Crawdads Sing") 2022.Single/EP Midnights: Lavender Edition (Target Exclusive) 2022.Single/EP Midnights (3am Edition) 2022.Chris Stapleton) (Taylor's Version) (From The Vault) 2022 Single/EP I Bet You Think About Me (feat.Single/EP Anti-Hero (ILLENIUM Remix) 2022.Single/EP Anti-Hero (Acoustic Version) 2022.Single/EP Lavender Haze (Remixes) 2023.Álbum Lavender Haze (Acoustic Version) 2023.Álbum Midnights (The Til Dawn Edition) 2023.Álbum Midnights (The Late Night Edition) 2023.Single/EP Speak Now (Taylor's Version) 2023. But things are changing, and Instagram, which in June hit a billion monthly users, boasts of its tightening grip on the travel industry. Since its launch in 2010, Instagram’s most visible impact on the world of travel has been the proliferation of holiday snaps of dubious quality and the rise of “influencers” who request free stuff from hotels and airlines in exchange for a few filtered selfies. Today it is Jauncey who is “upskilling” me - on what he sees as a new era for the travel industry in which Instagram’s casual hashtag vanity is going somewhere more calculating and commercial. “I’m responsible for comms and external affairs - so the government outreach piece,” she tells me in unimprovable jargon, adding: “Helping governments understand the role of citizens in the travel space is something we’ll be upskilling them on.” In May, the American became executive director at BD and is about to open a London office. For five years, Elizabeth Linder led Facebook’s political division in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, advising world leaders on social media. ![]() Jeremy Jauncey of Beautiful Destinations © extent to which Jauncey’s Instagrammer lifestyle has collided with a more corporate reality is evident at the club, where Jauncey’s newest colleague is taking notes. It uses slick video, data and proprietary algorithms (more of which later) to boost digital audiences - particularly on Instagram - for brands including Marriott, Hilton, Shangri-La and various tourism boards. (Condé Nast Traveler’s own Instagram feed has a more modest 1.7m followers, and it was announced this month that its US and UK editorial teams are to be merged).Īs well as sharing nice photos, BD has become a kind of advertising and branding agency. In an ongoing hiring spree, Jauncey has so far poached Remi Carlioz, global creative director at sportswear brand Puma, and Brendan Monaghan, former publisher of Condé Nast Traveler - a hire that underlines that contrast in fortunes between this new form of travel media and the old. Beautiful Destinations (BD) has grown to employ 40 people on “Silicon Alley”, a stretch of Park Avenue humming with tech entrepreneurialism. But he has become a lot more than the buff itinerant he presents to the casual scroller. He wears a white T-shirt, blue jeans and an expensive watch. They gave the account a simple name: You may well know it at the time of writing, it has 11.4m followers.ĭuring a trip to London from his base in New York, Jauncey, now 34, meets me at his members’ club on Pall Mall. In 2012, the year when Facebook bought Instagram for $1bn, Jauncey and his similarly photogenic brother Tom began sharing pictures of nice places. That’s a lot by any measure, but his own account is a secondary concern. Jauncey, a Scottish former rugby player who retired in his twenties after injuring his back, has 640,000 followers. And there he is, shirtless in the Austrian Alps, pecs glistening like glaciers. There he is, strolling at sunset through the gardens of Babington House, the members’ club and hotel in Somerset. ![]() There he is, posing with a panda in Chengdu, each animal showing impressive white teeth. ![]() Jeremy Jauncey’s Instagram is, on the surface, much like so many other aspirational social media “influencer” accounts. The site prides itself on being a movement, and aims to help women “inspire others to want better for themselves.Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter. Tokyo has been working with the team at Big Girlz Move, which is located just outside of Atlanta. The post comes fresh off of the Love & Hip-Hop stars dramatic weight loss, and, according to her trainer, it seems like she’s got goals to drop even more! “BIG GIRLZ MOVE with Ted‼️‼️Me and shawty came in 2020 playing no games‼️‼️dropping 16-25 pounds per month is the goal for the next 6 months‼️‼️” her trainer posted on Instagram on Friday, Jan. “I can’t have $40?” Tokyo could be heard saying, as Jayy jokingly responded “Most definitely.” The pair burst out laughing, and proved they are having the best time together! “Teaching myself how to be a girl I be asking Bae for $40 every other day,” Tokyo - who was born Kaila Asugha - captioned the sweet video. ![]() Tokyo Vanity, 25, just posted the cutest video with her boyfriend Jayy! The pair, who have been dating since April 2019, looked so in love as they headed to the mall on Saturday, Jan. ![]() APC – Asia-Pacific Cable Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore.ANZCAN – Australia, New Zealand, Canada (decommissioned).ANZAC Cable System – Australia (Melbourne and Tasmania including Flinders Island), New Zealand.Antilles Crossing Phase 1 – US Virgin Islands, St Lucia, Barbados.ANTILLAS I – Dominican Republic-Puerto Rico.ANNIBAL – France-Tunisia (decommissioned).AMX-1 – United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Brazil.Amitié – Bude, UK-Le Porge, France, Lynn, USA (due to go live 2022).AMERICAS-II – USA, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Martinique, Curaçao, Trinidad, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil.AMERICAS-1 SOUTH – US Virgin Islands, Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil.AMERICAS-1 NORTH – USA-US Virgin Islands.ALPAL-2 – Algiers-Palma de Mallorca Algeria-Spain.ALETAR – Alexandria-Tarsous Egypt-Syria.AIS – Australia-Indonesia-Singapore (decommissioned).AEConnect – Shirley, USA to Killala, Ireland.ACE – Africa Coast to Europe France, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands (Spain), Western Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Namibia, South Africa.ACC-1 – Asia Connect Cable System Singapore, Indonesia, Australia, East Timor, Guam, USA. ![]() AC-1 – Atlantic Crossing USA, UK, Germany, the Netherlands.AAG – Asia America Gateway Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Continental USA West Coast.AAE-1 – Asia Africa Europe Gateway France, Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Hong Kong (in planning stage).The data in this map were provided by EMODnet human activities. Click on one of the cables to learn more about its type, length, capacity, when it was installed and who maintains it. The map of the week features a schematic representation of the submarine communication cables that cross European waters. Submarine telecommunication cable networks cost billions to install 1 and need constant monitoring and repair, as they may be broken or damaged by trawl fishing, anchors, earthquakes, submarine landslides and even shark bites 2. However, this capacity comes at a significant price. These fibre-optic cables have the capacity to transmit data at a staggering 200 terabits per second 1, which vastly outpaces today’s satellite radio transmission (around 1 gigabits per second), making them the preferred means of communication. While these early cables consisted of insulated copper wires, which were simply dropped on the seabed, current generation submarine cables consist of optical fibres covered by many protective layers buried in the seafloor 2. ![]() ![]() Submarine cables have a long history starting with the first commercial submarine telegraph cable in the English Channel in 1850, closely followed by the first transatlantic cable in 1866 1. With over 99% of international internet and telephone traffic passing through submarine telecommunication cables 1, they are a vital though often forgotten part of today’s digital society. Whenever you access a website hosted on a foreign server, chances are high that the information you are receiving travelled through the depths of the ocean. |
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